JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MANGEMENT REVIEW

The INFLUENCE OF MARKET ORIENTATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTATION ON MODERATED COFFEE SHOP PERFORMANCE (M) SOCIAL MEDIA IN COFFEE SHOP IN JAMBI CITY

Almuluk Fajar Zuhri, Fitriaty Fitriaty, Sigit Indrawijaya — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to analyze the influence of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurship Orientation on Coffee Shop Performance, with Social Media as a moderating variable. This research was conducted at 49 Coffee Shops in Jambi City, using a questionnaire method to collect data. The analysis tool used is SmartPLS.

The research results show that Market Orientation has no significant effect on Coffee Shop Performance, with a T-statistics value of 0.059 and a P-value of 0.477. On the other hand, Entrepreneurial Orientation has a positive and significant influence on Coffee Shop Performance, with a T-statistics value of 1.797 and a P-value of 0.036. Social Media has also been proven to have a positive and significant influence on Coffee Shop Performance, with a T-statistics value of 2,276 and a P-value of 0.011.

In addition, this research found that Social Media does not moderate the influence of Market Orientation on Coffee Shop Performance, with a T-statistics value of 0.039 and a P-value of 0.484. However, Social Media moderates the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Coffee Shop Performance, with a T-statistics value of 2.019 and a P-value of 0.022.

These findings indicate that Entrepreneurial Orientation and the use of Social Media play an important role in improving Coffee Shop Performance. Therefore, Coffee Shop owners are expected to increase their entrepreneurial orientation and utilize social media more effectively to achieve better performance.

Keywords: Market Orientation, Entrepreneurship Orientation, Social Media and Coffee Shop Performance.

The INTERSECTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA LEARNING AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION: EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC OUTCOMES FOR GEN Z HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS

Banu Rinaldi, Maria Grace Herlina, Ridho Bramulya Ikhsan — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the influence of social media learning and entrepreneurial orientation on the academic performance of Generation Z in higher education institutions. Conducted in Greater Jakarta from February to June 2023. It involved 216 gen Z participants. The research utilised Rasch Model Analysis and Chi-Square Analysis for data examination. The research results revealed that students proficient in entrepreneurial orientation and social media learning had better GPAs, although social media learning alone did not significantly impact academic performance. The study underscores the importance of combining entrepreneurial orientation with social media learning to enhance academic performance in Generation Z students. It highlights the need for further research, considering the limited geographical scope and the lack of data on specific educational social media platforms. This research contributes to understanding how to effectively use social media and entrepreneurial skills to improve academic outcomes in higher education settings.

The IMPACT OF SHOPPING LIFESTYLE ON IMPULSE BUYING WITH SALES PROMOTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE IN TIKTOK LIVE STREAMING

Debora Simatupang, Johannes Johannes, Sylvia Kartika WB — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the relationship between shopping lifestyle and impulsive buying, with sales promotion as a mediating variable, among active students at Jambi University. The research identifies shopping lifestyle as the independent variable, impulsive buying as the dependent variable, and sales promotion as the intervening variable. This study employs a quantitative research method and utilizes primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced from literature reviews, including books, journals, and previous studies. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 100 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.1.0.3, incorporating methods such as outer loading, validity testing, reliability testing, inner model assessment, and hypothesis testing via bootstrapping. The analysis revealed the following results: 1) shopping lifestyle significantly and positively influences impulsive buying, 2) shopping lifestyle significantly and positively influences sales promotion, 3) sales promotion significantly and positively influence impulsive buying, and 4) shopping lifestyle significantly and positively influences impulsive buying through sales promotion. Based on these findings, it is recommended that marketing managers and retailers on TikTok enhance their marketing and promotional strategies by offering trendy, high-quality products. Furthermore, sellers are encouraged to fully leverage the live-streaming feature to boost sales and engagement in the future.

EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH (E-WOM) ON VISITING INTENTION MEDIATED BY DESTINATION IMAGE AT THE RAWA BENTO TOURISM OBJECT

Gampo Haryono, Albetris Albetris — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to examine the effect of E-WOM on visiting intention mediating destination image at the Rawa Bento tourist attraction. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. The research period starts from April to August 2023. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The sample size in this study refers to the sampling formula from Hair et al (2010), with sixteen statements as indicators, so the sample size is 90 respondents. This research uses a quantitative approach with data processing and analysis using SEM PLS analysis namely Smart PLS. The research results show that E-WoM on destination image has no effect, E-WoM on visiting intention has no effect. Destination image has a significant effect on visiting intention. E-WOM (Electronic Word of Mouth) on visiting Intention mediated Destination Image has no effect.

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT AND BRAND AWARENESS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF ES TEH INDONESIA IN KOTA BARU JAMBI

Hanan Laras Sabrina, Yosi Fahdillah, Mira Gustiana Pangestu — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This For entrepreneurs, the internet is useful for promoting their business to consumers. The development of digital technology and the growth of the business world in the current era is increasingly heading towards a global direction which makes a company required to establish the right marketing strategy in order to win marketing and be able to compete competitively with competitors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of celebrity endorsement and brand awareness on purchasing decisions for Indonesian iced tea, Kota Baru Jambi branch. The population of this study were consumers of Indonesian iced tea, Kota Baru Jambi branch with a sample size of 100 respondents using the lameshow formula. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique using several criteria. This study uses quantitative methods and the data source used is primary data and data collection using a questionnaire distributed via google form. While the scale in this study uses a Likert scale. The data processing method uses multiple linear regression analysis, determination coefficient, partial t test and simultaneous F test. The results showed that celebrity endorsement had a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions at the Indonesian iced tea branch of the new city of Jambi.Brand awareness has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions at the Indonesian iced tea branch of the new city of Jambi. And simultaneously celebrity endorsement and brand awareness have an effect on purchasing decisions on Indonesian iced tea in the new city branch of Jambi.

The ROLE OF GREEN PRODUCT INNOVATION AS A MEDIATOR FOR GREEN CUSTOMER INTEGRATION ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE AGRO-FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY IN JAMBI PROVINCE

Indra Budaya, Anggil Novra Lova, Elex Sarmigi — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to find out and explain how green customer integration on economic performance is mediated by green product innovation in agro-industry, both directly and indirectly. Background Problems: Green businesses refer to any business that adheres to environmental sustainability standards in its management, its efforts to use renewable resources, and its struggle to reduce the negative environmental impact of its actions in increasing its business income. Novelty: Green product innovation has an essential role in mediating the relationship between green customer integration and economic performance. Research Methods: This research is quantitative. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire distributed to 240 respondents who were food and beverage agro-industry business actors in Jambi Province. Finding/Results: green customer integration has a direct effect on green product innovation and economic performance. Conclusion: These findings prove that Green Customer Integration determines economic performance. The better a company integrates environmentally friendly products with its consumers, it can increase environmentally friendly product innovation, which can influence economic performance or business profits.

The RELATIONSHIP OF MINIMALIST LOGO REDESIGN AND GENERATION Z’S PURCHASE INTENTION

Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

For the past decade, minimalism re-emerged as the dominant art movement, influencing multiple aspects of daily life, and there had been an observable trend among brands to transition to more minimalist-looking logos. The study analyzed the relationship between the minimalist logo redesign of Burger King and purchase intention, as mediated by brand awareness and brand perception. A quantitative research method was followed, and a descriptive-correlational analysis was used. The researchers utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The study used convenience sampling, and based on the Cohen Statistical Power Analysis, 303 respondents were gathered for this study. The subject of this study was Generation Z, aged between 18 and 26 years old and residing in the National Capital Region, who should be keen and particular about visual elements and have constant exposure to brands. The results indicated that minimalist logo redesign significantly affects Generation Z’s brand awareness and brand perception. Furthermore, the findings showed that both mediating variables, brand awareness and brand perception, significantly affect purchase intention. With the trend of redesigning to minimalist logos, businesses, regardless of size, must assess their recognizability and memorability and evaluate their information accessibility. Brand managers can assist in raising awareness by exposing consumers to the redesigned logo in all of their brands’ marketing collateral. Furthermore, aligning the purpose and story behind the redesigned minimalist logo with the brand’s values can significantly improve the creation of positive brand perceptions.

The PRODUCT QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTEREST, WHICH IS MEDIATED BY CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH MS GLOW SKINCARE PRODUCTS IN JAMBI CITY

Levi Selvia, Syahmardi Yacob, Tona Aurora Lubis — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the impact of product quality on repurchase intention, with customer satisfaction acting as a mediating variable within the skincare industry. The research focuses on MS Glow skincare users in Jambi, Indonesia. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SMART PLS 3.0, data was collected through structured questionnaires distributed among the target population. The findings reveal that product quality significantly influences customer satisfaction, which, in turn, affects repurchase intention. Additionally, customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between product quality and repurchase intention, underscoring its pivotal role in consumer decision-making processes. These insights highlight the necessity for skincare companies to prioritize product quality enhancements to foster customer satisfaction and encourage repeat purchases.

A DETERMINANTS OF GENERATION Z INTEREST IN APPLYING FOR PEER-TO-PEER LENDING CREDIT FACILITIES AT DIGITAL BANKS

M. Nurdian Karyadi — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing Generation Z's interest in applying for peer-to-peer (P2P) lending facilities at digital banks. In the rapidly advancing digital era, P2P lending has become an attractive alternative financing option for the younger generation, particularly Generation Z, who are known for their high adaptability to technology. The research employs a quantitative method with data collection conducted through a questionnaire distributed to 200 respondents from Generation Z. Data analysis is performed using multiple linear regression techniques to test the influence of independent variables on interest (dependent variable). The independent variables tested include financial literacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust. The results indicate that financial literacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust significantly influence Generation Z's interest in using P2P lending facilities. Perceived usefulness and trust were found to be the most dominant factors affecting Generation Z's decisions. It is recommended that digital banks and P2P lending providers enhance financial education and literacy, develop user-friendly applications, and ensure service transparency and security. Implementing effective marketing strategies through social media and collaborating with educational institutions are also crucial to attract Generation Z's interest.

Keywords: Generation Z, Peer-to-Peer Lending, Digital Banks, Interest, Financial Literacy, Perceived Usefulness, Trust.

SYNERGY OF STORE ATMOSPHERE AND BRAND IMAGE: ANALYSIS OF ITS INFLUENCE ON CONSUMER PURCHASING DECISIONS AT SOCIOLLA JAMBI CITY

Mira Gustiana Pangestu, Yosi Fahdillah, Hanan Laras Sabrina — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The changing landscape of e-commerce businesses is the result of rapid technological advancements and changes in customer behavior. One of the largest beauty e-commerce businesses in Indonesia, PT Socio Bella, also known as Sociolla, is a platform that faces intense competition to develop and retain its online consumers to offline consumers in stores. This study aims to see how the influence of store atmosphere and brand image on consumer purchasing decisions partially and simultaneously. This study uses quantitative research methodology with an associative approach to see the effect of store atmosphere and brand image on purchasing decisions at Sociolla in Jambi City. The population used in this study were consumers who had made purchases or visited Sociolla in Jambi City while the sampling method used in the process was purposive sampling which involved a total of 100 respondents using the Lemeshow formula. The results showed that at Sociolla Jambi City, store atmosphere has a significant and positive influence on purchasing decisions and brand image has a significant and positive influence on purchasing decisions while both have a simultaneous effect on consumer purchasing decisions. So it can be concluded that these two factors go hand in hand with the emergence of consumer purchasing decisions at Sociolla Jambi City.

TRANSACTION COSTS: A LEGENDARY THEORY OF THE FIRM

Nur Hasanah — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

There are three widely recognized perspectives on the organizations. They are resource dependence, efficiency, and population perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to explain the history of transaction cost theory, the theory of the firm, the nature of the firm, the transaction cost economics, and the critiques for this theory. Articles in leading journals listed in EBSCO, Emerald, JSTOR, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect databases were chosen. A conceptual and relational analysis was conducted to fulfill the purpose of this paper. Results show that an acceptable theory of the firm should possess the capability to elucidate not just the reasons for the existence of firms in a market economy, but also other aspects. At the very least, it should have the capacity to clearly define and articulate the limits of a firm’s activities, including what tasks are performed internally and what tasks are outsourced or delegated to others, as well as how these activities are structured and how the firm achieves growth and success. While profit-oriented organizations have long recognized the numerous advantages of inter-organizational collaboration, non-profit organizations are now beginning to understand some of these benefits, including cost savings through shared administrative expenses, enhanced value propositions, increased efficiency, strengthened programs, utilization of compatible skills and abilities, and improved leadership skills.

The INFLUENCE OF FRAUD PENTAGON IN DETECTING FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Ocha Ananda, Sri Rahayu, Reni Yustien, Erwita Dewi — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the elements of the Fraud Pentagon proxied by five variables consisting of Pressure (External Pressure), Opportunity (Ineffective Monitoring), Rationalization (Change in Auditor), Ability (Change in Directors), and Arrogance (Frequent Number of CEO's Pictures) which are hypothesized to affect Financial Statement Fraud. The population in this study are Transportation & Logistics sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. The sample in this study was selected using a purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 75 observation data. The analysis method in this study uses multiple linear regression which is processed using SPSS 25 software. The results showed that External Pressure affected Financial Statement Fraud. While Ineffective Monitoring, Change in Auditor, Change in Directors, and Frequent Number of CEO Pictures do not affect Financial Statement Fraud.

ANALYSIS OF ONLINE REVIEWS, CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT, HALAL AWARENESS ON HALAL FASHION PURCHASES

Rahmah, Diana Sari — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

With around 229 million Muslims, Indonesia is the largest Muslim-majority country. However, Indonesia is not in the number one position in every sector in the halal industry. This is contradictory to the reality in Indonesia because based on this data, Indonesia has the largest number of Muslims in 2023. This journal examines the influence of consumption behaviour on halal fashion among generation Z Muslims in Bandung. This study aims to determine whether online customer reviews, celebrity endorsement, and halal awareness have a significant effect on the purchase intention of halal fashion in the Shopee application. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using SmartPLS 4 software. The number of samples obtained was 202 people according to the specified criteria, who are Muslim, aged 10-28 years, domiciled in Bandung, and have bought halal fashion products at Shopee. The results of the study indicate that each of the variables of online customer review, celebrity endorsement, and halal awareness has a positive and significant effect on the intention to buy halal fashion at Shopee for generation Z Muslims in Bandung.

DRIVING FORCES: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MOTIVES ON ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR THROUGH THE MEDIATING LENS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION

Randy Hadipoespito, Maria Grace Herlina, Ridho Bramulya Ikhsan — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores the impact of McClelland's social motives on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and knowledge management behaviour (KMB), examining EO's mediating role in this relationship. Utilising a sample of 302 employees from Greater Jakarta, data were collected through online surveys and analysed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that social motives significantly influence EO, positively impacting KMB. The study underscores the importance of fostering a workplace culture that supports social motives such as achievement, power, and affiliation, as these drive entrepreneurial behaviours and effective knowledge management practices. EO serves as a crucial mediator, amplifying the beneficial effects of social motives on KMB. These insights suggest that organisations can enhance their innovation and competitive advantage by strategically managing human and knowledge resources. Practical implications include implementing policies and training programs that cultivate social motives and entrepreneurial orientation. Future research should explore the longitudinal effects and the moderating roles of organisational culture and leadership style, providing a more comprehensive understanding of these dynamics across diverse contexts.

The IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE OF JAMBI PROVINCE WITH INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE

Rima Indriyani, Zulfina Adriani, Idham Khalik — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovative work behavior and employee performance within the public sector, focusing on the Jambi Province Industry and Trade Office—a critical entity in local economic development. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research involved a survey of 114 employees supplemented by qualitative observations, analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings indicate that entrepreneurial leadership significantly enhances innovative work behavior (Path coefficient = 0.63, p < 0.01), which in turn mediates the relationship between leadership and employee performance (Indirect effect = 0.27, p < 0.05). Additionally, the direct impact of entrepreneurial leadership on employee performance was also significant (Path coefficient = 0.36, p < 0.05), underscoring the dual pathways—direct and mediated—through which leadership styles conducive to innovation can improve organizational outcomes. These results underscore the transformative potential of entrepreneurial leadership in fostering innovation and enhancing performance within traditionally less dynamic public sector environments. The study contributes to the burgeoning literature on leadership in the public sector by demonstrating the pivotal role of leadership styles in enhancing innovation and operational efficiency.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT

Silvia Rahayu, Susi Evanita — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to determine environmental communication strategies for sustainable waste management through community empowerment. This research was conducted in Talang Lindung Village, Sungai Bungkal District, Sungai Penuh City. The research results showed that community empowerment in managing household waste and maintaining environmental cleanliness began to improve with mass communication and personal communication activities. Mass communication was carried out through FGDs and placing banners in several strategic places in Talang Lindung Village, while personal communication was carried out by providing door-to-door counseling and distributing brochures. To determine changes in knowledge, attitude and behavior of the community after mass and personal communication, evaluation and monitoring were carried out in collaboration with the Head of Talang Lindung Village. The results of this research show that changes in personal communication behavior are more influential than mass communication. From the results of evaluation and monitoring, it is known that mass communication can be used to increase knowledge, but behavior change is more influential if personal communication is used. With mass communication through FGDs and the installation of banners, people who previously did not know became aware that there are laws and regulations governing waste disposal.

The PRODUCT DIVERSITY, PRODUCT QUALITY AND PRODUCT BRAND ON PURCHASING DECISIONS WITH WORD OF MOUTH AS MODERATION: CASE STUDY OF MALLICA GLOW IN JAMBI

Singki Oktaviani, Syahmardi Yacob, Tona Aurora Lubis — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to analyze the influence of product diversity, product quality and product brand on purchasing decisions with word of mouth as a moderating variable for Mallica Glow products in Jambi City. This research uses a quantitative method with a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach.

Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to Mallica Glow consumers in Jambi City. The research results show that product diversity, product quality, and product brand have a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions. However, word of mouth does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions and does not moderate the influence of product diversity, product quality and product brand on purchasing decisions.

Thus, companies are advised to continue to increase product diversity, product quality and product brands to increase consumer purchasing decisions, as well as continue to manage word of mouth effectively even though it is not a significant moderating factor.

The INFLUENCE OF SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP ON INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS A MEDIATION

Zaidi Salsabila Zaid, Zulfina Adriani, Agus Solikhin — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of spiritual leadership on teacher performance mediated by organizational culture. The sample in this study was 47 teachers at the Tanjung Pasir Al Awwabien Islamic Boarding School, Jambi City. Data collection was carried out using the questionnaire method. The approach used in this research is to use a quantitative descriptive approach with the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Data collection in this research is primary data. The results of this study indicate that spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on individual performance in teachers, spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational culture, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on individual performance in teachers, spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on individual performance which is mediated by organizational culture variables.

The EFFECT OF PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN THE LABOR AND TRANSMIGRATION OFFICE OF JAMBI PROVINCE

Putri Maha Sari Putri, Shofia Amin, Sumarni Sumarni — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of public service motivation on
employee performance through organizational citizenship behavior. Using quantitative methods,
data collection techniques are used through observation, questionnaires and documentation.
Hypothesis testing was carried out using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique with
the smartPLS program. The research results show that: 1) public service motivation has a
positive and significant effect on employee performance, 2) public service motivation has a
positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, 3) organizational
citizenship behavior has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, 4) Public
service motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with
organizational citizenship behavior as an intervening variable.
Keywords: Employee Performance, Public Service Motivation, Organizational Citizenship
Behavior

SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR) : THE EFFECT OF CLAIMS EXPENSE AND UNDERWRITING ON INSURANCE COMPANY PROFITS

Deka Veronica, Rian Dani, Irmanelly Irmanelly, Asrini Asrini — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to map the effect of claim and underwriting expenses on insurance company profits. In a study using the Systematic Literature Review method, 16 articles out of 200 articles were found that fit the criteria, with search strings from 2018 to 2022. The results showed that (RQ1) the problems contained in various research journals, namely differences in results from previous studies on the cost of claims and underwriting on profits and the decline in insurance company profits. In research conducted by Puja Yana, Melvi Muchlian, Sari Arsita (2022), the amount of profit obtained is a sensitive matter for stakeholders. In research conducted by Dwi Ayu Fitrianty, et al (2022), the gaps that occurred in previous research, it was concluded that not all empirical events were in accordance with theory. Research question results (RQ2) The research method that is often used is quantitative methods, this method is very relevant because quantitative research views the "Facts / Truths" that are in the object of research out there, and researchers must be neutral whatever is found in the field and impartial. Furthermore, the results of the research question (RQ3) Every year there are journals that discuss the effect of claims and underwriting expenses on insurance company profits, even in 2022 most journals use quantitative methods with different publications.