Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry

Proximate Analysis of Palm Oil Waste Biobriquettes in East Kalimantan as an Alternative Energy Source in the Area Around the Nusantara Capital City-Indonesia

Meita Rezki Vegatama — 2024-12-30

Renewable energy is an alternative energy that the government is strongly promoting to support energy security in the future, one of which is biomass energy. Oil palm plantations are quite extensive plantations in Indonesia; in fact, in one plantation, 9,155,722 tons of palm oil shell waste can be obtained/per year. Large quantities of palm oil shells can be processed into bio briquettes, so they have high economic value. This research aims to determine the approximate analysis of Palm Oil Waste Biobriquettes in East Kalimantan as an Alternative Energy Source Around the IKN Area. This research was carried out using experimental methods by making bio briquettes with analysis results obtained through laboratory analysis, namely proximate analysis. From the proximate analysis carried out on two repetitions of tests carried out on palm shell bio briquettes, only the water content still does not meet the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard. Namely, it is still above 8%. Still, of the other three parameters tested, all three have met the SNI standards of each, namely ash content below 8%, volatile matter content below 15%, and the calorific value of each is in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources category, namely in category 3 with a calorific value range of 4700-5600 cal/g and SNI 01-6235-2000 with minimum 5000 cal/g.

Development of Multirepresentation-Based Learning Videos on the Material of Physical Properties of Alcohols and Ethers

Hanna Rohmatul Maulidiyah — 2024-06-30

The topic of the physical properties of alcohol and ether compounds is often perceived as challenging by students due to its abstract nature. Consequently, the development of effective learning media is essential to address these difficulties. This study aims to develop a multirepresentation-based instructional video that illustrates the impact of intermolecular forces on the boiling points of alcohols and ethers. The research utilized the 4D model by Thiagarajan, comprising four stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. However, this study was limited to the Develop stage. The research instruments included validation sheets and response questionnaires, employing indirect communication measurement techniques. The validity assessment involved three experts evaluating various aspects of the product, while the response test was conducted with 29 students. Data from the validation results were analyzed using the Content Validity Index (CVI), where the instructional video achieved a CVI score of 1.00, indicating very high validity. Student responses demonstrated a satisfaction rate of 85.98% (very good) in the limited trial and 83.57% (very good) in the main trial. In conclusion, the multirepresentation-based instructional video is a highly valid and effective tool that can be utilized in teaching the physical properties of alcohols and ethers.

Antioxidants Activity of Face Toner from Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Okra Seeds

Fatmawati Lubis — 2024-12-30

Development of a Multi-Representation Electrochemistry E-Book Utilizing 3D PageFlip Technology

Wilda Syahri — 2024-12-30

Physical Chemistry II course in the Chemistry Education Study Program is one of the subjects with an abstract nature, such as Electrochemistry materials. The abstract nature of Electrochemistry makes it difficult for students to observe the processes occurring in Electrochemical systems directly. When explained theoretically, these concepts are often challenging for students to understand. Therefore, teaching Electrochemistry requires an e-book that incorporates chemical representations, particularly multiple representations. To address this, it is deemed necessary to develop an Electrochemistry e-book based on multiple representations using 3D PageFlip. This e-book integrates multiple representations, enabling students to independently study and comprehend Electrochemistry materials while providing flexibility and convenience. An Electrochemistry e-book with multiple representations, particularly in a computer-assisted learning format, is a viable alternative to support student learning. This study aims to develop an Electrochemistry e-book using 3D PageFlip based on multiple representations. This software allows the creation of interactive and engaging educational resources. The resulting e-book aims to enhance students' individual abilities and increase their interest and motivation, which in turn is expected to improve their academic performance and learning outcomes. Moreover, this multimedia learning tool is intended to address challenges related to students' limited comprehension during classroom learning processes, accommodate individual characteristics, and offer alternative solutions to the low self-actualization of students. Through this e-book, students can revisit and explore difficult concepts, facilitating deeper understanding. The ultimate goal of this research is to produce an Electrochemistry e-book based on multiple representations across macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic levels using 3D PageFlip. This e-book will align with the applicable curriculum and adhere to educational principles while incorporating essential educational elements. By improving concept mastery in Electrochemistry, this resource is expected to enhance students' cognitive abilities and overall learning outcomes

Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Kenitu (Chrysophyllum caintio L.) Leaf Extract and Its Potential as Antibacterial Agents

Aisy Khoirunnisa — 2024-12-30

Currently, nanoparticles are one of the promising technologies and have been applied in various sectors. Silver nanoparticles is one of implementation in nanoparticles and have been applied in the industrial and medical. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is still in development. This method is carried out using plant extracts as bioreductors, because secondary metabolite compounds in extracts can reduce Ag⁺ ions into nanoparticle form. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the potential of Chrysophyllum caintio leaf extract as a bioreductor based on the UV-Vis sepctrophotometric instruments and to determine the potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles as antibacterial agents against Salmonella typhimurium through the disc diffusion method. The synthesis was carried out by volume ratio between kenitu leaf extract and AgNO₃, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The result stated that the four variations have absorption in 422-465 nm. Where silver nanoparticles are formed can be known from the formation of peaks at a maximum wavelength of 400-500 nm. In a ratio of 1:2, a peak was formed at a wavelength of 453 nm with an absorbance of 0.758. Antibacterial activity in synthesized silver nanoparticles produced an inhibitory zone of 17.2 mm so it is classified as strong category.

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Cellulose of Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB)

Yohana Ivana Kedang — 2024-12-30

Empty fruit bunches (EFB), a substantial agricultural waste, offer great potential for value. This study aimed to use cellulose of EFB as a source of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is considerable because cellulose-based waste is categorized as the most abundant waste in nature and is easy to obtain. Cellulose was then converted to the CMC process in several steps, including cellulose alkalization, and carboxymethylation. The resulting CMC was characterized to determine its degree of substitution, viscosity, and other physicochemical properties. Characterization with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the effect of NaOH concentration on this property. The highest degree of substitution (DS=1.34) was observed in 50 % NaOH of carboxymethylation. Cellulose can be correctly extracted from EFB and converted to CMC. Based on the cellulose of the EFB characteristic, the proper amount of NaOH was found to get a high DS. CMC has considerable features for application on biodegradable polymer materials

Biostatic Activity of Eusiderin I From Eusideroxylon Zwagery Against Sclerotium Rolfsii

Muhaimin Muhaimin — 2024-12-30

241 (4,99) and 273 (4,83) and the infra-red spectra of this compound showed the sharp aromatic C-H stretching vibration at 3079 cm^-1, aliphatic C-H stretching vibration at 2975 and 2933 cm^-1, aromatic C-H bending vibration also shown in finger print 998, 829 and 637 cm^-1. These vibration regions also indicate the substituted aromatic system. The sharp aromatic C=C stretching vibration Research on biostatic activity of Eusiderin I from Eusideroxylon zwagery against Sclerotium rolfsii had been carried out. The isolated Eusiderin I was a white crystal with melting point in such 99-100^oC. The UV spectra in CHCl₃ showed absorbance at also shown in 1597 and 1508 cm^-1. Peak with wave number of 1358-1136 cm-1 was C-O-C groups. The biostatic activity test of Eusiderin I from Bulian wood (Eusideroxylon zwagery) to phatogen fungi of Sclerotium rolfsii showed that with three different concentrations (3, 4 and 5 ppm), Eusiderin I was a potent biofungicide because it had a strong activity in inhibiting the Sclerotium rolfsii growth. The 5 days incubation test result showed that 4 ppm Eusiderin I could inhibit the Sclerotium rolfsii colony growth. The 5 ppm Eusiderin I gave the most effective inhibition precentage because it could inhibit the Sclerotium rolfsii colony growth (= 49.5%).