From Forest to Village: Myths and Tiger Attacks in Kerinci During the Dutch East Indies (1903-1942)

Padhil Hudaya; Bambang Widyonarko

doi:10.22437/js.v5i1.37674

Authors

Padhil Hudaya Universitas Jambi
Bambang Widyonarko CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS ESTRATÉGICOS DEL EJÉRCITO DEL PERÚ

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/js.v5i1.37674

Keywords:

Kata Kunci: mitos, permusuhan, harimau, Kerinci, Hindia Belanda.

Abstract

The people of Kerinci have their own interpretation of the tiger. Tigers are considered sacred animals, with various meanings. However, on the other hand, tigers that attacked the people of Kerinci during the Dutch East Indies were still killed. This study aims to look at the relationship between the myths that developed and the attacks carried out by Sumatran tigers against people in Kerinci during the Dutch East Indies Government. With the approach of human and animal relations in the perspective of local traditions, this research analyzes the influence of local mythological narratives, the causes of tiger attacks on the community, and the steps taken to overcome these attacks. This research uses the historical method as a scalpel, with the flow of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. Data were collected from various historical sources, such as colonial archives, ethnographic records, as well as local oral traditions about tigers. The research findings show that tiger myths associated with spiritual symbols play an important role in shaping people's perceptions of the species. However, attacks by tigers caused by disturbed areas of their habitat led to a reaction by placing tigers as a threat to security and interfering with the exploitation of natural resources.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Newspaper

‘BEREN EN TIJGERS OP SUMATRA’, Dagblad van Noord-Brabant (Breda, 7 July 1935), p. 2 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB23:001981008:mpeg21:p00002>

———, Dagblad van Noord-Brabant, 7 September 1935, p. 2 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB23:001981008:mpeg21:p00002>

‘BRUTALE INDRINGER NEERGELEGD’, De Telegraaf (Amsterdam, 8 August 1928), p. 2 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110563622:mpeg21:p002>

‘Buitenland. NED. INDIë. Brutale Indringer Neergelegd’, De Noord-Ooster (Wildervank, 9 August 1928) <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMVEEN01:000081112:mpeg21:p005>

‘De Brutale Tijger’, De Locomotief (Samarang, 6 July 1928), p. 1 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB23:001719013:mpeg21:p00001>

‘Een Tijger in de Kamer’, Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad (Rotterdam, 14 August 1928), p. 3 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010514371:mpeg21:p007>

‘Een Tijger in de Kamer’, Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad (Batavia, 4 July 1928), p. 2 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011071922:mpeg21:p002>

‘Gemengd Indisch Nieuws’, Het Nieuws van Den Dag Voor Nederlandsch-Indië (Batavia, 18 December 1929), p. 2 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010221644:mpeg21:p002>

‘KORINTJI-LEGENDEN. Spooktijgers, Vampyrs En de „vrouw Met Den Boozen Geest’, De Locomotief (Samarang, July ), p. 1 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB23:001719007:mpeg21:p00001>

‘Lijgerplaag. In Het Poerwakartasche’, Algemeen Handelsblad Voor Nederlandsch-Indië (Semarang, 18 December 1929), p. 13 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB19:000436093:mpeg21:p00013>

‘NATUURMONUMENTEN OP SUMATRA’, Deli Courant (Medan, 6 January 1930), p. 13 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB15:000103004:mpeg21:p00013>

‘Nederlandsch-Indië’, Sumatra-Bode (Padang, 18 April 1904), p. 2 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB19:002086090:mpeg21:p00002>

‘Onve Ilig Korintji. Gespuis En Tijgers’, De Nieuwe Vorstenlanden (Soerakarta, 10 July 1928), p. 1 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB19:002771200:mpeg21:p00001>

‘Twee Tijgers Neergelegd’, Het Nieuws van Den Dag Voor Nederlandsch-Indië (Batavia, 4 May 1934), p. 3 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010230090:mpeg21:p003>

‘Uit de Indische Bladen’, Het Nieuws van Den Dag Voor Nederlandsch-Indië (Batavia, 22 April 1904), p. 6 <https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010133825:mpeg21:p006>

Journal

Adu, Steven Jonathan, Messalina L Salampessy, and Sofian Iskandar, ‘Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Konservasi Harimau Sumatera (Panthera Tigris Sumatrae) Di Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat’, Jurnal Nusa Sylva, 19.1 (2019), 22–29 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31938/jns.v19i1.233>

Annisa Marvelia, and Afifah Asriati, ‘Pewarisan Tari Ngagah Harimau Desa Pulau Tengah Kecamatan Keliling Danau Kabupaten Kerinci’, Dharma Acariya Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa Dan Budaya, 2.1 (2024), 159–69 <https://doi.org/10.47861/jdan.v2i1.789>

Boomgaard, Peter, ‘Death to the Tiger! The Development of Tiger and Leopard Rituals in Java, 1605-1906’, School of Oriental and African Studies, 2.2 (1994), 141–75 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23746862

Ganesa, Ari, and Aunurohim, ‘Perilaku Harian Harimau Sumatera (Panthera Tigris Sumatrae) Dalam Konservasi Ex-Situ Kebun Binatang Surabaya’, Jurnal Sains Dan Seni Its, 1.1 (2012), 48–53 <https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23373520.v1i1.1327>

Gustaman, Budi, and Hilman Fauzia Khoeruman, ‘Antara Mitos Dan Realitas: Historisitas Maung Di Tatar Sunda’, Metahumaniora, 9.1 (2019), 18 <https://doi.org/10.24198/mh.v9i1.22873>

Haidir, I.A, Albert. W.r, I. M. R Pinondang, T Ariyanto, F. A. Widodo, and Ardiantiono, ‘Panduan Pemantauan Populasi Harimau Sumatera, Direktorat Konservasi S’, 2017, p. 154

Haryanto, Dedi, Yasrul Sami B, and Yofita Sandra, ‘Gerak Tari Tradisional Mengagah Harimau Di Desa Pulau Tengah Kabupaten Kerinci Dalam Karya Lukis’, Serupa The Journal of Art …, 1.2 (2013)

Hudaya, Padhil, Nur Aini Setiawati, and Bambang Purwanto, ‘Menjalani Kehidupan Di Tengah Malapetaka: Gempa Kerinci 1909’, Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha, 8.1 (2023), 9–28 <https://doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v8i1.53040>

Iswidayati, Sri, ‘Fungsi Mitos Dalam Kehidupan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Pendukungnya’, Harmonia Journal of Arts Research and Education, 8.2 (2021), 180–84 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v8i2.790>

Linkie, Matthew, Deborah J. Martyr, Abishek Harihar, Dian Risdianto, Rudijanta T. Nugraha, Maryati, and others, ‘Safeguarding Sumatran Tigers: Evaluating Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Patrols and Local Informant Networks’, Journal of Applied Ecology, 52.4 (2015), 851–60 <https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12461>

Mei, Ovi Zurah, and I Gusti Putu Suryadarma, ‘The Utilization of Traditional Conservation of Sumatran Tiger as a Potential Development of Biology Teaching Materials’, Journal of Science and Science Education, 4.2 (2023), 126–37 <https://doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v4i2.5557>

Nanda, Ahmad, Kevin Samudra, and Padli Rahman, ‘Filosofi Tari Ngagah Imau Pada Festival Kerinci’, in Prosiding Fakultas Ushuluddin Adab Dan Dakwah, 2024, II, 254–65

Skeat, Walter William, Malay Magic: Being Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula (Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2005) <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjk2ttc>

Sumitran, Riyan, Yoza Defri, and Yossi Oktorini, ‘Keberadaan Harimau Sumatera (Panthera Tigris Sumatrae) Dan Satwa Mangsanya Di Berbagai Tipe Habitat Pada Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo’, Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Riau, 3.11 (2014), 1–15 <https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/200392-none.pdf>

Tanaya, Haidar Trisna, ‘Belajar Dari Sejarah: Refleksi Atas Warisan Kolonial Dan Praktik Pelestarian Sumber Daya Alam Di Indonesia’, Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha, 8.2 (2024), 120–29 <https://doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v8i2.40992>

Usman, H, U Azmi, Z Ahmad, and ..., ‘Mitos Harimau Dalam Tradisi Lisan Masyarakat Kerinci Di Jambi: The Tiger Myth in the Oral Tradition of the Kerinci People in Jambi …’, Jurnal Pengajian …, 2014, 24–44 <https://malindojournal.um.edu.my/index.php/JPM/article/view/9756%0Ahttps://malindojournal.um.edu.my/index.php/JPM/article/download/9756/6889>

Usman, Hebransyah, and Wan Mohd Dasuki Wan Hasbullah, ‘Mitos Harimau Dalam Pengaturan Adat Masyarakat Kerinci Desa Pulau Tengah, Jambi, Sumatera’, Jurnal Antarabangsa Alam Dan Tamadun Melayu (Iman), 2.3 (2014), 99–109 <http://journalarticle.ukm.my/7787/1/Mitos_harimau_dalam_pengaturan.pdf>

Yasin, Agustin Putri Lestari & Nirwan Il, ‘Kehidupan Buruh Perkebunan Teh Kayu Aro Tahun 1925 – 1943’, Jurnal Siginjai, 1.1 (2021), 27–38 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/js.v1i1.11881>

Book

Agung, Idris Djakfar Depati, Seri Sejarah Kerinci I: Menguak Tabir Sejarah Di Alam Kerinci (Kerinci: Percetakan Anda, 2001)

Aken, A.Ph. van, Mededeelingen van Het Bureau Voor de Bestuurszaken Der Buitenbezittingen Bewerkt Door Het Eur Encyclopaedisch Bureau (Batavia: NV. Papyrus, 1915)

Beaman, Patricia Leigh, World Dance Cultures From Ritual to Spectacle (New York: Routledge, 2024)

Boomgard, Peter, Frontiers of Fear: Tigers and People in the Malay World, 1600–1950 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001)

Ellen, C.W. Watson & Roy, Understanding Witchcraft and Sorcery in Southeast Asia (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993)

Kartodirjo, Sartono, Pendekatan Ilmu Sosial Dalam Metodologi Sejarah I (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1991)

Kuntowijoyo, Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah (Jakarta: Mizan Digital Publishing, 2005)

Kusumantri, Panjdi Yudhistira, Peranan Sultan Dan Raja Dalam Sejarah Konservasi Alam Indonesia (Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem, 2022)

Moleong, Lexy J., Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2007)

Nasution, Metode Penelitian Naturalistik Kualitatif (Bandung: Tarsito, 1996)

Putra, Budhi Vrihaspathi Jauhari & Eka, Senarai Sejarah Kebudayaan Suku Kerinci (Kerinci: Bina Potensia Aditya Mahatva Yodha, 2012)

Soehartono, Tonny, Strategi Dan Rencana Aksi Konservasi Harimau Sumatera (, Departemen Kehutanan, 2007

Sujdarwo, Metodologi Penelitian Sosial (Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2011)

van Schaik, Carel HLM, Sumatran Tiger: A Study of Conservation and Conflict (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)

Internet

Yumiko Uryu, Elisabet Purastuti, Yves Laumonier, Sunarto, Setiabudi, Arif Budiman, Kokok Yulianto, Anggoro Sudibyo, Oki Hadian, Dian Achmad Kosasih, Michael Stüwe, Sumatra’s Forests, Their Wildlife and the Climate Windows in Time: 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2009, 2010 <http://awsassets.wwf.or.id/downloads/wwf_indonesia__2010__sumatran_forests_wildlife_climate_report_for_dkn___bappenas.pdf>